Processing math: 100%

CPSC120A
Fundamentals of Computer Science

Lab 10

Functions

Target

Create a Python program that defines the function draw_target(center_x, center_y, radius). The function should use the graphics module's draw_oval function to draw a series of 3 concentric circles centered with alternating color at the specified x and y location. The radius of the external circle is specified by the radius parameter. The radius of each inner circle decreases by 1/3 of the original radius each time.

Example

graphics.window_size(320, 240)
draw_target(160, 120, 100)
graphics.wait_for_key_press()

Example

window_width = graphics.window_width()
window_height = graphics.window_height()
window_center_x = window_width / 2
window_center_y = window_height / 2
target_size = window_height // 10
max_x = window_width + target_size
max_y = window_height + target_size
for y in range(0, max_y, target_size):
    for x in range(0, max_x, target_size):
        draw_target(x, y, target_size / 2)
graphics.wait_for_key_press()

X

Create a Python program that defines the draw_x(center_x, center_y, size, thick). The function should use the graphics module's draw_line function to draw an X centered at the specified x and y location. The width and height of the X determined by the size parameter and the thickness of the lines specified by the thick parameter.

Example

graphics.window_size(320, 240)
draw_x(160, 120, 100, 5)
graphics.wait_for_key_press()

Example

window_width = graphics.window_width()
window_height = graphics.window_height()
window_center_x = window_width / 2
window_center_y = window_height / 2
x_size = 100
x_thickness = x_size * (2 ** (1 / 2)) / 3
x_offset = x_size * 2
x_delta = (x_size * 3) + (x_thickness / 2 * (2 ** (1 / 2)))
y_delta = x_size * 2 / 3
x_max = int(window_width / x_delta + x_delta)
y_max = int(window_height / y_delta + y_delta)
x_min = int(-x_delta)
y_min = int(-y_delta)
for i in range(0, y_max):
    for j in range(x_min, x_max):
        y = i * y_delta
        x = (j * x_delta) + ((i % 5) * x_offset)
        draw_x(x, y, x_size, x_thickness)
graphics.wait_for_key_press()

Animate

Creating an animation on a computer screen is fairly comparable to the way that flip-book animations work. In a flip book, you draw your image in one location, and on the following page you draw your image in a new, updated location. The analogue to flipping the page using the graphics module is clearing the screen. We then just need some mechanism to continually update the position of the image that we are drawing between screen clears.

Details

Create a python program that defines the function move_image(image_name, start_x, end_x, y_location). The function should animate an image moving horizontally across the screen from the specified start_x location on the screen to the end_x location along the specified y_location.

Example

graphics.window_size(320, 240)
move_image("blinky.gif", 0, 340, 180)

You can use any gif image you want. Do an image search for something you like. Include filetype:gif as one of the search terms to only find gif images.

Hint

Hint

  • The draw_image function in the graphics module draws an image centered at a specified location. Your image needs to be stored in the same directory as your program. To achieve the motion required here, we just need to change the x coordinate the image every time it is drawn.
  • You will either need to use an accumulator, or use the loop variable as the updated value of the x coordinate for the drawn image.

Challenge

Modify your program so that you move not along a horizontal line, but you can move between any two arbitrary (x, y) coordinates.


Orrery

An Orrery is a mechanical model of the solar system that was first made in the 1700s. A sun was placed in the center of the model, and the orbits of the planets were fixed to a circle surrounding the star. Mimicking the motion that was created with this mechanical device requires using some trigonometry to compute the new x and y positions.

Details

Create a Python with the function def animate_planet(orbit_radius, planet_radius, sun_radius, revolutions), which animates a planet orbiting around a star in the center of the screen. To compute the position of the planet, use the following equations to convert an angle, in radians, to the x and y coordinates of a point on a circle centered on the origin:

x=radius×math.cos(radians)y=radius×math.sin(radians)

Example

graphics.window_size(320, 240)
animate_planet(100, 10, 25, 3)

Hint

Hint

Create a for loop that iterates over the angular position of the planet. For each iteration, use the provided equations to convert the angle to x and y coordinates. Don't forget to clear the screen and wait to slow the animation.

The only mathematical issue you may run into is the fact that the trigonometric functions expect their input in radians instead of degrees. You can use the math.radians function to convert from degrees to radians.

Challenge

A real orrery doesn't just have one planet. It usually has many planets, all orbiting at different distances and speeds. Modify your program so that it can animate at least 2 separate planets, at different radii and at different speeds.

Example