7.2. Logical operators

There are three logical operators: and, or, and not. The semantics (meaning) of these operators is similar to their meaning in English. For example, x > 0 and x < 10 is true only if x is greater than 0 and at the same time, x is less than 10. How would you describe this in words? You would say that x is between 0 and 10, not including the endpoints.

n % 2 == 0 or n % 3 == 0 is true if either of the conditions is true, that is, if the number is divisible by 2 or divisible by 3. In this case, one, or the other, or both of the parts has to be true for the result to be true.

Finally, the not operator negates a boolean expression, so not x > y is true if x > y is false, that is, if x is less than or equal to y.

 
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x: int
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n: int
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​
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x = 5
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print(str(x > 0 and x < 10))
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​
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n = 25
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print(str(n % 2 == 0 or n % 3 == 0))
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​

(chp05_3)

Common Mistake!

There is a very common mistake that occurs when programmers try to write boolean expressions. For example, what if we have a variable number and we want to check to see if its value is 5, 6, or 7. In words we might say: “number equal to 5 or 6 or 7”. However, if we translate this into Python, number == 5 or 6 or 7, it will not be correct. The or operator must join the results of three equality checks. The correct way to write this is number == 5 or number == 6 or number == 7. This may seem like a lot of typing but it is absolutely necessary. You cannot take a shortcut.

Check your understanding

select-2-1: What is a correct Python expression for checking to see if a number stored in a variable x is between 0 and 5?





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