In this week's lab you will write Java programs that use the classes String, Random, and Math defined in the Java Standard Class Library in addition to the Scanner class. At the end of the lab, you will write an applet that uses the Graphics and Color classes which are also part of the Java library. The main concepts we will focus on are in the text in sections 3.1 - 3.5 (for objects and methods) and 2.7 - 2.9 (for applets and graphics).
Exercise #1: The following program illustrates the use of some of the methods in the String class (see the list on page 119 of the text). Trace the program and show what is printed.
// ***************************************************************
// FILE: StringManips.java
//
// Purpose: Test several methods for manipulating String objects
// ***************************************************************
public class StringManips
{
public static void main (String[] args)
{
String phrase = new String ("Something fishy!");
int phraseLength;
int index;
String one;
String two;
String newString;
phraseLength = phrase.length();
index = phraseLength / 2;
one = phrase.substring(0,index);
two = phrase.substring(index, phraseLength);
// concatenate
newString = two.concat(one);
// print information about the phrase
System.out.println();
System.out.println ("Original phrase: " + phrase);
System.out.println ("Length of the phrase: " + phraseLength +
" characters");
System.out.println ("Index: " + index);
System.out.println ("Character at the index: " +
phrase.charAt(index));
System.out.println ("New string: " + newString);
System.out.println();
}
}
Exercise #2: Fill in the blanks in the program below as follows:
(Section 3.2, especially the example on page 120, should be helpful):
(a) declare the variable town as a reference to a String
object and initialize it to "Salem, VA".
(b) write an assignment statement that invokes the length method
of the String class to find the
length of the college String object and assigns the result
to the stringLength variable
(c) complete the assignment statement so that change1 contains
the same characters as college but all in upper case
(d) complete the assignment statement so that change2 is the
same as change1 except all capital O's are replaced with the
asterisk (*) character.
(e) complete the assignment statement so that change3 is
the concatenation of college and town (use the concat
method of the String class rather than the + operator)
// **************************************************
// FILE: StringPlay.java
// Author: J. Ingram
// Purpose: Play with String objects
// **************************************************
public class StringPlay
{
public static void main (String[] args)
{
String college = new String ("Roanoke College");
________________________________________________________; // part (a)
int stringLength;
String change1, change2, change3;
________________________________________________________; // part (b)
System.out.println (college + " contains " + stringLength + " characters.");
change1 = ______________________________________________; // part (c)
change2 = ______________________________________________; // part (d)
change3 = ______________________________________________; // part (e)
System.out.println ("The final string is " + change3);
}
}
Exercise #3: The following program should read in the lengths of two sides of a right triangle and compute the length of the hypotenuse (recall that the length of the hypotenuse is the square root of the sum of side 1 squared plus side 2 squared). Complete it by adding statements to read the input from the keyboard and to compute the length of the hypotenuse (you need to use a Math class method for that).
// *******************************************************************
// FILE: RightTriangle.java
// Purpose: Compute the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle
// given the lengths of the sides
// *******************************************************************
import java.util.Scanner;
public class RightTriangle
{
public static void main (String[] args)
{
double side1, side2; // lengths of the sides of a right triangle
double hypotenuse; // length of the hypotenuse
Scanner scan = new Scanner (System.in);
// Get the lengths of the sides as input
System.out.print ("Please enter the lengths of the two sides of " +
"a right triangle (separate by a blank space): ");
_____________________________________________________________;
_____________________________________________________________;
// Compute the length of the hypotenuse
_____________________________________________________________;
// Print the result
System.out.println ("Length of the hypotenuse: " + hypotenuse);
}
{
Exercise #4: The Java Random class lets the programmer create objects of type Random and use them to generate a stream of random numbers (one at a time). The following declares the variable generator to be an object of type Random and instantiates it with the new operator.
Random generator = new Random();
The generator object can be used to generate either integer or floating
point random numbers using either the nextInt or nextDouble methods,
respectively. These are described on page 125 of the text; however,
note that nextFloat rather than nextDouble is in the list of methods.
There is a nextDouble (see the list of methods on page 861 of the
appendix) and it should be used since double is more accurate than float.
Most often the goal of a program is to generate a random integer in some particular range, say 30 to 99 (inclusive). There are several ways to do this - here are two.
generator.nextInt(70)
returns an integer between 0 and 69 (inclusive). So, the expression
generator.nextInt(70) + 30
gives a number between 30 and 99 (inclusive).
generator.nextDouble() * 70
returns a floating point number between 0 and 70 (up to but not including 70).
To get the integer part of the number we use the cast operator:
(int) (generator.nextDouble() * 70)
The result of this is an integer between 0 and 69 inclusive, so
(int) (generator.nextDouble() * 70) + 30
shifts the numbers by 30 resulting in numbers between 30 and 99 (inclusive).
Fill in the blanks in the following program to generate the random numbers as described in the documentation. NOTE that that java.util.Random must be imported to use the Random class.
// **************************************************
// FILE: LuckyNumbers.java
// Purpose: To generate two random "lucky" numbers
// **************************************************
import java.util.Random;
public class LuckyNumbers
{
public static void main (String[] args)
{
Random generator = new Random();
int lucky1, lucky2;
// Generate lucky1 (a random integer in the range 50 to 79) using
// the nextInt method
lucky1 = ______________________________________________________;
// Generate lucky2 (a random integer in the range 20 to 40)
// using nextDouble
lucky2 = ______________________________________________________;
System.out.println ("Your lucky numbers are " + lucky1 + " and "
+ lucky2);
}
}
Exercise #5: In lab you will write an applet that does some simple graphics (these concepts are introduced in Sections 2.7 - 2.9 of the text).
(0,0) --------------------------------------------
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-------------------------------------------- (400, 300)
Label the 2 unlabeled corners with their coordinate and show
(approximately) where the point (200, 100) is.